Beta-carotene is a safe precursor of Vitamin A. Human intestinal enzymes convert dietary beta-carotene into active Vitamin A. The extent of this conversion appears to be based on the need for vitamin A since even very large amounts of beta-carotene do not increase plasma or liver vitamin A levels above normal. One milligram of betacarotene provides 1,667 IU of vitamin A activity. Betacarotene not converted to vitamin A is absorbed intact and has other functions in the body.

Beta-carotene is an important antioxidant nutrient that protects healthy cells from oxidative and free radical damage. Free radicals are unstable chemicals formed in the body during metabolism and from exposure to environmental sources such as pollution and cigarette smoke. Free radicals are necessary for energy metabolism and immune function, but when an excessive number of free radicals are formed, they can attack healthy cells, especially their membrane lipids and proteins. This, in turn, is thought to contribute to a number of degenerative diseases.

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